Environmental Human Rights: News & Updates

The judicial system in Chiapas fabricates crimes as a method of repression. Authorities are currently fabricating charges against Tzeltal human rights and environment defenders because of their opposition to the militarization of their territory and construction of infrastructure for mega-tourism projects.

Manuel Santiz Cruz, president of the Human Rights Committee of San Juan Evangelista Catholic parish in San Juan Cancuc, was falsely arrested on May 29 for drug possession. He was released and re-arrested a day later for aggravated homicide. By June 4, a total of eight Tzeltal defenders had been arrested:  Manuel Santiz Cruz, Agustín Pérez Velasco, Martin Pérez Domínguez, Juan Velasco Aguilar, Agustín Pérez Domínguez, and three more persons (names withheld for their personal security).

These arbitrary detentions take place in a context in which inhabitants of San Juan Cancuc have opposed the military presence in their territory and the construction of a highway project that would connect San Cristóbal de las Casas with the region of Palenque. The highway is part of the development of mega-tourism projects in the region that have been promoted by the government without free, prior informed and culturally appropriate consultation with impacted Indigenous communities.

We are deeply concerned about the ability of Indigenous communities and leaders to carry out their legitimate activities in defense of their peoples’ territories and waterways. Last year we wrote to authorities about the about the assassination of Tzeltal human rights defender Simón Pedro Pérez López, age 35, in the Los Bosques de Chiapas region of Chiapas State (cf our letter July 6, 2021).

We wrote once again to officials in Guatemala about the criminalization of environmental defenders in El Estor, Izabal Department, who have been resisting the El Fénix nickel mine, which has been operating illegally since 2005. Although the Constitutional Court of Guatemala ruled in 2019 that the Guatemalan Nickel Company had to suspend its mining activities, the government re-issued an operations permit in January 2022. 

Cristóbal Pop and Roque Sub Cucul were captured by police today in Guatemala City after a press conference in which they announced that they would sue the State of Guatemala before the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights for the illegal installation of the El Fénix nickel mine and the criminalization of environmental defenders. Cristóbal Pop is president of the Fishermen’s Guild of El Estor, which has been denouncing the contamination of Lake Izabal resulting from the nickel mine. Roque Sub Cucul is an Indigenous leader of the Mayan Q'eqchi' ancestral council in Alta Verapaz Department.

We condemn acts of state violence and criminalization of Indigenous environmental rights defenders in El Estor and urge the government of Guatemala to release from detention and drop the criminal charges against Cristóbal Pop and Roque Sub Cucul.

For many years, Garífuna communities along the Atlantic coast have suffered violence, killings, disappearances, and forced displacement due to powerful economic interests. This includes Honduran elites, international tourism, charter cities (aka ZEDEs), drug traffickers, industrial scale agriculture (e.g., African palm oil plantations), and more. The government of Honduras has enabled the stealing of Garifuna land because of its failure to ensure Garifuna communities the right to their ancestral territories, even when ordered to do so by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights.

On May 1, unknown persons shot community leader Alonso Salgado Caballero to death while he was sitting in a hammock outside the home of his cousin in Río Tinto, a Garífuna community in Tela municipality, Atlántida Department. The assailants then entered the home and attacked two of his relatives.   They seriously injured the wife of his cousin, Zury Quintanilla, a  school teacher and the current secretary of the board of trustees of the community. His sister-in-law, Sury Mariela Quintana, was also hospitalized with two gunshots to the head. Alonso Salgado Caballero, age 51, was the former treasurer of the board of trustees.

We are urging that the government of Honduras create and implement legal instruments to eradicate all types of violence against those who lawfully work to protect the land, natural resources and territorial rights of Garífuna communities.

Violence continues in El Estor, Izabal Department, where Maya Indigenous residents have been organizing resistance to the El Fénix nickel mine for the past decade. On May 16, pro-mining residents inflicted serious harm on Adela Choc Cuz, a 68-year-old member of the Ancestral Council of Maya Q’eqchi’ and well-respected spiritual guide in El Estor. Assailants waged an attack on her after accusing her of witchcraft. They burned down her home, held her and her daughter Sandra Tec Choc captive, threatened to burn her alive, and threatened to decapitate her. When police arrived on the scene, the assailants threw rocks at them and attempted to burn their patrol car, thwarting the rescue attempt.

While this might appear to be an interpersonal dispute, investigators must note the political context. Adela Choc Cuz and her family are vocal and active members of the organized resistance to the El Fénix nickel mine.  The assailants are associated with a pro-mining evangelical church and radio station and the pro-mining community development council COCODE. Fifteen members of COCODE were at the house when the women were finally released after 18 hours.