El Salvador is the smallest and most densely populated country in Central America. The US-backed civil war, which erupted after the assassination of Archbishop Oscar Romero in 1980, lasted 12 years (1980-92), killing 70,000 people and forcing 20% of the nation’s five million people to seek refuge in the US.
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October 15 is known as the Rural Women's day.
El Salvador's State of Emergency, impeimented in March, has led to immense cuts in civil liberties.
It empowerd the police to arrest without warrents, causing 55,000 arrests since March.
This development alarms human rights groups, who criticise the curtailing of the right to a lawyer, the right to be informed about the reason for the arrest, detention for up to 15 days without charges and the reduction of the criminal responsibility age to 12 years.
In spite of these criticisms, El Salvador's Legislative Assembly has voted in favor of an extension of the State of Emergency several times; recenlty on October 14.
To keep up with the masses of imprisonments, the government is building a new jail desinged to hold 40.000 suspected criminals.
As Fiscal Year 2022 is almost over, we are hearing numbers of 750 or more migrant deaths over the past twelve months. While, tragically, it does still happen that migrants die while being chased by Border Patrol agents or shot when attempting to cross the border, the majority of these deaths are a result of the so-called “prevention through deterrence” strategy that forces people to take on more dangerous routes when traveling up to the southern U.S. border to seek safety. And if they do make it through to the U.S., they are often expelled immediately or put into deportation proceedings, waiting for their hearing in Mexican emergency shelters or U.S. detention centers. Read IRTF's monthly overview of recent updates on U.S. immigration and what has been happening at the border!
https://www.irtfcleveland.org/blog/migrant-justice-newsletter-sep-2022
For over six months now the country of El Salvador has been in a State of Exception (similar to a declared State of Emergency).
This is a temporary suspension of some constitutional rights that enables the government to repeal basic human rights as well as democratic structures.
The current government under president Nayib Bukele officially initiated the State of Exception as a means to counter gang violence, but uses it to rule the country with an iron fist.
In this time span corruption and human rights violations have risen to new highs.
One of the rights that has been suspended is the 2011 enacted "Law on Access to Public Information" (LAIP), guaranteeing the right to seek and receive information held by the state. With this law expelled, the government has eliminated any public control over the the use of funds and state contracts, opening the door for corruption. According to the Office of the General Attorney, up to 66% of state purchases showed signs of irregularities in their procedures.
Besides the staggering rise of corruption, the State of Exception drags a trail of state violence and oppression. Under the pretext of the struggle against gang violence, massive power abuse by police and armed forces has been reported. Up until September the state has detained over 52,549 people without warrants and has sent 45,260 individuals to prison during mass hearings.
The policies have led to overcrowded prisons, causing a lack of basic human needs and at least 73 deaths due to torture, lack of medical assistance, hunger and other violence. The number of unreported cases is estimated to far surpass the official numbers.
Since the Biden administration restarted the Central American Minors Refugee and Parole Program (CAM program), initionaly initiated by the Obama administration and later withdrawn by Trump, not much has happened.
Underfunding and personal shortage at the nine national resettlement agencies led to the inability to handle the mass of applications.
Due to this bottleneck only a few hundred cases filed before the Trump administration ended the program have been completed since March 2021.
For many children this slow processing of applications means waiting times of over a year and no information on how long it will take until they are reunited with their familes.
Organizations are now calling for the support of consuls to help the children with their application interviews and pass case information on to the waiting parents or guardians.
On September 2., The Committee of Family Members of Political Prisoners of El Salvador held a press conference announcing the delivery of letters to the Attorney General, Human Rights Ombudsman and the Supreme Court.
The letters signed by nearly 1.000 people and over 70 Organizations demand the release of political prisoners and the reinstatement of constitutional rights in the country.
Following emergency measures suspending constitutional rights, over 50.000 people were arrested without warrants leading to at least 70 deaths in custody.
Even though the prisoners remain in custody, the international media coverage and outcall to the Attorney General, Human Rights Ombudsman and Supreme Court is a big leap towards change.
David Morales, lawyer, former prosecutor and one of the most outspoken critics of El Salvador's Bukele government.
The lawyer who will receive this year's Human Rights Award from WOLA (Washington Office on Latin America) has worked as a human rights activist for years, criticizing El Salvador's judicial system.
His career started in 1990 as an investigator at the Legal Protection Office of the Archbishop of San Salvador where he focused on the massacres of Rio Sumpul and El Mozote which occurred during the 1980's Salvadoran civil war.
In 1995 Morales left the Legal Protection Office and transferred to the PDDH (Procurador para la Defensa de los Derechos Humanos), a 1992 created institution that exercised the most supervision over the first complaints of abuses that arose against the new National Civil Police (PNC) and the Attorneys General's Office.
From 2013 on, he worked as an Ombudsman, taking lead in the investigation of extermination groups in the PNC.
The following article summerizes Morales' work and analyzes the human rights violations in El Salvador.
On behalf of IRTF’s Rapid Response Network (RRN) members, we wrote six letters this month to heads of state and other high-level officials in Colombia, El Salvador, Guatemala, and Mexico, urging their swift action in response to human rights abuses occurring in their countries. We join with civil society groups in Latin America to: (1) protect people living under threat, (2) demand investigations into human rights crimes, (3) bring human rights criminals to justice.
IRTF’s Rapid Response Network (RRN) volunteers write six letters in response to urgent human rights cases each month. We send copies of these letters to US ambassadors, embassy human rights officers, the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, regional representatives of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, and desk officers at the US State Department. To read the letters, see https://www.irtfcleveland.org/content/rrn , or ask us to mail you hard copies.
We wrote to the attorney general and human rights ombudsman of El Salvador to express our concerns over the weakening of democracy in El Salvador, especially in light of the State of Exception, which was recently extended for the fourth time. More than 46,000 suspected gang members have been arrested since the State of Exception, a government-declared crackdown on gang activity, was initiated on March 27. Maximum time-limits on pre-trial detention have been lifted. Journalists are under surveillance of spyware and criminalized for reporting on gang activity or the government’s response to it. Civil society organizations in El Salvador have documented more than 3,000 cases of abuse and torture, including the cases of 50 people who died while they were imprisoned in state detention centers. The University Observatory of Human Rights (OUDH) has documented 63 cases of cruel and degrading treatment, including cases of arbitrary arrests, deaths of detainees in custody, torture, and prison overcrowding. One of the most emblematic cases of torture corresponds to a 14-year-old who was detained and tortured by agents of the National Civil Police (PNC). To force the teenager into confessing that he belonged to a gang, police submerged his head in water and clamped his fingers with pliers. Although the teenager was not a gang member, he was later taken to a gang cell, where the inmates also beat him. For twelve days, the police continued to beat him. His mother found him vomiting blood when he was finally released after a hearing.
The Family Court of San Salvador, in El Salvador, authorized "the first name change of a trans man" according to his gender identity, as reported Thursday by the Foundation of Studies for the Application of Law (Fespad). The organization indicated that "the process of change of name and adequacy of the mention of gender and sex in the identification documents was presented in March 2022. This is a milestone for the LGBTQ+ community and human rights activists in El Salvador, who so often have denounced the violence and discrimination suffered by their community, forcing them to flee the country.
